利用时空信息的单波段地表温度遥感反演

地表温度被认为是影响生态系统的关键因子之一,它与许多地表过程有关。目前,热红外卫星遥感技术是获取有关区域和全球尺度地表温度信息的一个有效、可行的手段。针对不同卫星上搭载的热红外传感器,许多学者开展了大量的研究,其中针对单波段热红外的特点(如Landsat TM/ETM+,CBERS和HJ-1B)提出了单通道(或单窗)算法。该类算法需要准确的地表比辐射率和大气参数(如大气水分含量)。这些参数在现实中又很难轻易获得,从而在一定程度上限制了现有算法的应用。针对HJ-1B高回访频率的特点,本文提出了利用多时相影像的时空信息来直接反演地表温度的Multi-Temporal and Spatial Information-Based Single Channel(MTSC),以解决现有算法对地表比辐射率和大气参数的过度依赖性。实例分析结果显示,基于MTSC法由HJ-1B反演得到的地表温度结果与MODIS地表(陆表和海表)温度产品具有很好的空间一致性;HJ-1B的陆表温度结果总体上被高估了约1 K,而海表温度结果总体上被高估了0.5 K;同时,MTSC法得到的HJ-1B地表温度结果具有更好的细节和空间完整性。最后,通过分析和讨论指出了一些可能的完善途径,如相似像元的确定、修改优化求解中的目标函数、参数的自适应初始化等,以便提高MTSC法的反演精度和实用性。     

Variability of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in FGOALS-g2简

The variability of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation （AMOC） in the pre-industrial control experiment of the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model, Grid-point Version 2 （FGOALS-g2） was investigated using the model outputs with the most stable state in a 512-yr time window from the total 1500-yr period of the experiment. The period of AMOC in FGOALS-g2 is double peaked at 20 and 32 years according to the power spectrum, and 22 years according to an auto-correlation analysis, which shows very obvious decadal variability. Like many other coupled climate models, the decadal variability of AMOC in FGOALS-g2 is closely related to the convection that occurs in the Labrador Sea region. Deep convection in the Labrador Sea in FGOALS-g2 leads the AMOC maximum by 3-4 years. The contributions of thermal and haline effects to the variability of the convection in three different regions [the Labrador, Irminger and Greenland-Iceland- Norwegian （GIN） Seas] were analyzed for FGOALS-g2. The variability of convection in the Labrador and Irminger Seas is thermally dominant, while that in the colder GIN Seas can be mainly attributed to salinity changes due to the lower thermal expansion. By comparing the simulation results from FGOALS-g2 and 11 other models, it was found that AMOC variability can be attributed to salinity changes for longer periods （longer than 35 years） and to temperature changes for shorter periods.     

Mean Structure of Tropical Cyclones Making Landfall in Mainland China

The mean kinematic and thermodynamic structures of tropical cyclones （TCs） making landfall in main-land China are examined by using sounding data from 1998 to 2009. It is found that TC landfall is usually accompanied with a decrease in low-level wind speed, an expansion of the radius of strong wind, weakening of the upper-level warm core, and drying of the mid-tropospheric air. On average, the warm core of the TCs dissipates 24 h after landfall. The height of the maximum low-level wind and the base of the stable layer both increase with the increased distance to the TC center;however, the former is always higher than the latter. In particular, an asymmetric structure of the TC after landfall is found. The kinematic and thermodynamic structures across various areas of TC circulation diff er, especially over the left-front and right-rear quadrants （relative to the direction of TC motion）. In the left-front quadrant, strong winds locate at a smaller radius, the upper-level temperature is warmer with the warm core extending into a deep layer, while the wet air occupies a shallow layer. In the right-rear quadrant, strong wind and wet air dwell in an area that is broader and deeper, and the warmest air is situated farther away from the TC center.     

Critical mechanisms for the formation of extreme arctic sea-ice extent in the summers of 2007 and 1996

Along with significant changes in the Arctic climate system, the largest year-to-year variation in sea-ice extent (SIE) has occurred in the Laptev, East Siberian, and Chukchi seas (defined here as the area of focus, AOF), among which the two highly contrasting extreme events were observed in the summers of 2007 and 1996 during the period 1979–2012. Although most efforts have been devoted to understanding the 2007 low, a contrasting high September SIE in 1996 might share some related but opposing forcing mechanisms. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms for the formation of these two extremes and quantitatively estimate the cloud-radiation-water vapor feedback to the sea-ice-concentration (SIC) variation utilizing satellite-observed sea-ice products and the NASA MERRA reanalysis. The low SIE in 2007 was associated with a persistent anticyclone over the Beaufort Sea coupled with low pressure over Eurasia, which induced anomalous southerly winds. Ample warm and moist air from the North Pacific was transported to the AOF and resulted in positive anomalies of cloud fraction (CF), precipitable water vapor (PWV), surface LWnet (down-up), total surface energy and temperature. In contrast, the high SIE event in 1996 was associated with a persistent low pressure over the central Arctic coupled with high pressure along the Eastern Arctic coasts, which generated anomalous northerly winds and resulted in negative anomalies of above mentioned atmospheric parameters. In addition to their immediate impacts on sea ice reduction, CF, PWV and radiation can interplay to lead to a positive feedback loop among them, which plays a critical role in reinforcing sea ice to a great low value in 2007. During the summer of 2007, the minimum SIC is 31 % below the climatic mean, while the maximum CF, LWnet and PWV can be up to 15 %, 20 Wm^?2, and 4 kg m^?3 above. The high anti-correlations (?0.79, ?0.61, ?0.61) between the SIC and CF, PWV, and LWnet indicate that CF, PWV and LW radiation are indeed having significant impacts on the SIC variation. A new record low occurred in the summer of 2012 was mainly triggered by a super storm over the central Arctic Ocean in early August that caused substantial mechanical ice deformation on top of the long-term thinning of an Arctic ice pack that had become more dominated by seasonal ice.     

城市级地下管网BIM建设及应用

随着测绘地理信息技术和BIM技术在城市发展中的深入应用,城市级地下管网BIM建设成为智慧城市建设三维实景中国建设中的必要一环。本文结合新型基础测绘在地下空间测绘中的应用,提出利用地下管网测绘数据与BIM深度融合技术快速构建城市级地下管网BIM的技术流程和体系,构建了城市级别(GIS)场景下的精细化BIM模型,实现了测绘数据与设计数据的无缝融合,打通了多专业协同中与测绘数据融合的通道,为看不见的地下城市建设提供准确的三维空间数据底座。基于本文研究成果,以某城市为应用案例,在城市排水管网改造工程、智慧水务云平台建设、智慧管廊施工管理等领域进行了应用,验证了本文研究的可行性、有效性和应用价值。     

红柳江区域陆地水储量变化及其驱动因素分析EI北大核心CSCD

本文利用CSR-RL06和Tongji-Grace2018时变重力场模型反演了2003年1月—2016年12月红柳江区域陆地水储量变化,并联合降水、蒸散、径流和人类活动耗水等多源数据建立了区域水量平衡方程,定量评估了该区域陆地水储量变化的主要驱动因素。结果表明:①考虑人类活动耗水为区域陆地水储量输出项时,由水量平衡方程闭合差计算的均方根误差降低了39%。②气象水文因素贡献率仅于2009、2011和2016年为负,其均值为-22.5%,其余年份正贡献率均值为47.7%;人类活动耗水贡献率始终为负,其均值为-34.8%。③龙滩水库蓄水变化与该区域陆地水储量变化相关系数为0.66,均存在一年和两年主周期信号。     

印度尼西亚卢瓦斯砂金矿床地质特征

卢瓦斯砂金矿位于印度尼西亚共和国苏门答腊岛东南部卢瓦斯河道及一侧阶地。矿区所处大地构造位置属喜马拉雅—马来西亚—苏门答腊火山活动带之东段。依据该砂金矿床的成矿地貌特征、地质特征、重砂矿物组合,初步认定该矿属近源型冲积型砂金矿,其砂金的物质来源于萨温河上游含金地质体,特别是火山碎屑岩中的含金石英脉和硅化脉。该砂金矿聚集于河道河漫滩及一级、二级河谷阶地中的泥、砂、砾等现代沉积物中。矿体产状受河流及两侧地形、地貌控制。     

川中灯影组碳酸盐岩岩溶地层测井响应特征

川中磨溪-高石地区震旦系灯影组受桐湾运动Ⅰ幕和Ⅱ幕的影响,致使灯二段及灯四段顶部遭受风化剥蚀,区内大规模发育的溶蚀孔洞在测井曲线上具有明显的响应特征。通过对研究区的钻井、常规测井及FMI成像等资料分析,将研究区岩溶剖面从上而下分为地表岩溶带、垂直渗流岩溶带、水平潜流岩溶带及深部缓流岩溶带。研究表明,地表岩溶带由风化残余物杂乱堆积而成,水平潜流岩溶带顺层孔洞发育,二者是研究区储层最为发育层位;渗流岩溶带储层较发育,深部潜流带储层不发育。从区域上看,研究区位于古岩溶斜坡带,从南西向北东方向,岩溶作用逐渐增强。     

中国西部地区方沸石胶结相与碎屑岩次生优质储集层形成机制

含油气盆地碎屑岩次生优质储集层的发育,除了与广泛发育的方解石胶结相有关外,在中国西部还有一类与沸石族自生矿物胶结的成岩相有关,其中以溶蚀方沸石胶结相形成的次生优质储集层与油气聚集成藏又有十分密切的关联。经实例分析:与自生方沸石胶结有关的成岩相主要受控于扇(辫状河)三角洲前缘相带、火山岩物源和成岩早期的碱性环境;次生优质储集层的形成在时间上主要处于成岩中期A阶段,在空间上受控于邻近的烃源岩、圈闭和输导体的沟通。方沸石矿物在物理性质上具有抗压易溶(有机酸)作用,较其他常见的自生矿物(胶结物)相对优越,就方沸石易于溶蚀的特点而言是较为理想的自生矿物(胶结物)。其溶蚀对孔隙度的贡献率在50％～75％之间,发育几率占绝对优势。所以,在方沸石发育的相带中寻找以粒间溶蚀孔为主的优质储集层,具有可靠的操作性和现实性。     

Geological characteristics and tectonic signifcance of unconformities in Mesoproterozoic successions in the northern margin of the North China Block

Several stratigraphic breaks and unconformities exist in the Mesoproterozoic successions in the northern margin of the North China Block.Geologic characters and spatial distributions of fve of these unconformities,which have resulted from different geological processes,have been studied.The unconformity beneath the Dahongyu Formation is interpreted as a breakup unconformity,representing the time of transition from continental rift to passive continental margin.The unconformities beneath the Gaoyuzhuang and the Yangzhuang formations are considered to be the consequence of regional eustatic fuctuations,leading to the exposure of highlands in passive margins during low sea-level stands and transgressive deposition on coastal regions during high sea-level stands.The unconformity atop the Tieling Formation might be caused by uplift due to contractional deformation in a back-arc setting,whereas the uplift after the deposition of the Xiamaling Formation might be attributed to a continental collision event.It is assumed that the occurrences of these unconformities in the Mesoproterozoic successions in the northern margin of the North China Block had a close bearing on the assemblage and breakup of the Columbia and Rodinia supercontinents.